Permanent waver



y J. CIRILLO 2,250,358

PERMAN NT WAVER Filed April 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 22,1941. J.CIRILLO PERMANENT WAVER Filed April 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 g l II I sII. s i v Patented July 22, 1941 UNITED smrss 16 Claims.

This invention relates to 'hair curlers, and particularly, 'a haircurler with which the user mayimpart a permanent wave to her own hair.

An-object of' the invention is to provide apparatuswith-whichthe usermay give herself a Croquignole type wave wherein, after a lock ofhair'is woundtightly around a mandrel, heat is' applied by a heatersurrounding the tightly wound hair.

'Another'object of "the inventionis to provide a permanent waveapparatus with'which, after the hair "has been'ti'ghtly wound on .amandrel and heated" bya surrounding heatenthe heater may be removed andthe curl left to cool and set with-the hair retaining portion. of themandrel inside the curl. It is further proposed to provideaspecialmandrel:assembly having a hair-retaining portion easilyseparable from the handle portionso' as to avoid drooping or sagging ofthe curl under the weight of the mandrel assembly, and, -further, 'toavoid awkward obstructions on the user s'head. Also, it'is intended .toprovide amandrelwhich cooperates'with the heat applying'elementtightlyto grip acurl' during heating, but whichman'drel'later maybe removed-from the "curl "without uncurling, or altering-the. shapeofthe'setcurlwhatsoever.

Another-object is to .provide'a heat applying unit in'whichtthe' heater.element is isolated from the hair and scalp so.:;as to avoid any'burningof the nsers's'calp.'orhair,'but wherein'heat is thoroughly anduniform'ly applied to the curl.

And-'stillfurther objects are'to provide a per.-

ma'nent "waver' which may *be handled by the feel thereof; or'requirin'gat the most a simple, I

single" mirror;- a waver whichmay be held easily and without'strain orfatigue on the user which may 'be easily disassembled and assembled forcleaning; andwhic'h will not only impart permanent waves of ,pleasingappearance, but-in the use-of which-the' user will not appear atadisadvantage at anytime; Theseand other advantages and objectives'will'be apparent. from the following specification and drawings, .in which:

Fig. his a view showing the device .in use during thefirst part of theprocedure;

"--Fig.'-2 shows the device in use during application'of heat;

*Figf3 "shows'several'mandrel'unitsstill' in place while the'curls'are'cooling and setting; v

Fig. 4 is an isometric view showing the .assembiy of parts;

Fig. 5: is a" view, partially in vertical section, showingthe'completedevice;'

Fig. 6 isa transverse'section along the lineB-G of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a transverse section'alongthe line T-l of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a view'showing themandrel assembly removed from thepositionshown-in-Fig. 5-; and

Fig. 9' is a view'showing an insulating cover for a portion oftheheater.

Referring first to Figs. '4 to '8, inclusive, the reference'numeraldenotes a hollow cylindrical handle, preferably of material having goodheat insulating properties such asfound in any one of several wellknown-plastics; 'Supported'on the handle is a hollow receiver'4-"which"is'iopen at both'ends and has 'a'longitudinal slot'fi in theside wall thereof and extending'to the-upper end. Preferably thereceiver 4" isformed of aluminum or other metal having relatively goodheat conducting properties; .shown best in Fig; 5, thereceiver '4' has atapering seat 8*flanged inwardly from'the inner side wallbelow the endof the slot 6, 'seat '8 beingsubstantially 'frustoconical in form;Thelower end; of receiver-4. is threaded at iii to ahollow coup-ling H,:which in turn is" threaded as" indicated at I4 to a metal spool IS, thelowerend of spool I6 being-suitably aflixed to the upper end-of handle'2. Coupling l2 and spool l5 are-also formed of metaLsuch as aluminum,having good'heat conductive properties.

An electric resistance element I8 is' wound on spool l6 and covered, asindicated'by the reference numeral 2%). At the lower end of spoollli aguardpiece 22 is fiangedoutwardly so as to notify the user when her handapproaches the resistance element and so as to'hold'theresistanceelement spaced from a table or the like'when the device is .at rest. Atthe lower end of the handle an insulated cord2 l'is shown, cord .24passing through handle 2 to resistance element l8 .and having a plug(not shown) at the other-'endfor connection witha standard electricoutlet socket.

.At the upper end of Figs. land 5 a mandrel 26 is shown, the mandrelbeing split to provide spaced jaws 28, '28, the lower free. endsof'which terminate in'tapered outer faces'30, 30,; Removably attached tothe upper end of mandrel ZB'is a handle 32 having a socket '34into'which a-plug element 36' at the upperend of mandrel 26 isreleasably engageable by means of bayonet slot 38 in socket '34 andpinMl-on the periphery of plug element 36. The handle 3015 also"providedwit-h an abutment flange 52 which limits the downard-movement ofthe mandrelassembly into the hollow'receiver.

It is thus seen that the mandrel assembly including the mandrel properand the handle, fits down into the upper open end of receiver 4. Themandrel assembly is held against displacement in the hollow receiver bythe frictional engagement of the outer wall of socket 34 with the upperinner wall of the receiver. Comparing the condition of the mandrel asshown in Fig. 8 with that of Fig. 5, after the mandrel has been insertedinto the receiver, it is seen that when the tapered free ends of jaws3f], and 28, 28 are in place inside the receiver, the tapered free endsengage a tapering seat inside the receiver and, as the mandrel ispressed downwardly in the socket, tapering seat 8 forces the jawstogether, thus to grip a curl of hair wound on the mandrel as will belater described.

In using the device it is intended that several mandrels 26 be availablefor connection with handle 32.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, the device operatesas follows: Taking the mandrel assembly shown in Fig. 8, a strand ofhair is isolated, inserted in the slot between jaws 28 of the mandreland then wound as shown in Fig. l. The receiver is then taken in onehand and inserted over the mandrel with the hair passing from themandrel to the scalp through slot 6 in the receiver. After the receiverhas been placed over the curl, the mandrel may be turned by rotation ofthe handle 32 in order to give the curl a final tightening. The receiveris then held in the position shown by Fig. 2 for a sufiicient length oftime, such as four, six or eight minutes, depending upon the hairtexture and size of the curl, and then removed. Next, handle 32 isslightly rotated relative to mandrel 26 so as to free pin from thebayonet slot, and then the handle is removed, thus leaving only themandrel proper inside the curl. It is apparent that removal of thereceiver 4 from around the curl also relaxes jaws 28 slightly from thecurl so that the curl may be slightly adjusted, if necessary, after thereceiver is removed. 26 will also retain some heat inside the curl toprovide gradual cooling and final setting of the curl. Various hairwaving and curl setting compositions may be used or may be applied tothe hair, if desired, without danger of electrical shock to the usersince the electrical resistance element. i8 is completely isolated fromthe hair.

Reverting to Fig. 5 it will be seen that heat from resistance element I8is conducted by the metal of coupling 12 and receiver 2 to the outsideof the curl and additionally, to the inside of the curl and mandrel jaws28 through metal to metal contact of the lower ends of the jaws with thetapering seat 8, and also to the inside of the curl through the hollowcentral portions of the spool l4, coupling [2 and receiver 4. Thus, evenheat is applied throughout the entire crosssection of the curl. Heatloss through the slot 6 is deterred since, in operation, the slot issubstantially closed by the hair itself, which has relatively goodinsulating properties. Fig. 9 illustrates a sleeve 44 of insulatingmaterial which may be placed over receiver 4 to deter heat loss and alsoto protect the user. If desired a thermostatic control element may beprovided for limiting the amount of heat produced by the resistanceelement.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specificfeatures shown and described, and that the full range of equivalents Itis also apparent that the mandrel and substitutions are to be attributedto the following claims.

I claim:

1. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving elementhaving an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereofextending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element,handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head ofthe user, a plurality of mandrels, each engageable into said receivingelement, and a handle detachably engageable with one end of saidmandrels whereby after strands of hair are wound on said mandrels, saidmandrels may be inserted,

successively, into said receiver for heating, with the strand of hairextending out through said slot to the users scalp, removed from saidreceiver, and detached from said handle.

2. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving elementhaving an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereofextending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element,handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head ofthe user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through saidopen upper end, and abutment means on said mandrel engageable with saidupper end for limiting the movement of said mandrel into said receiver.

3. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving elementhaving an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereofextending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element,handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head ofthe user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through saidopen upper end, and means on said mandrel engageable with the upper endof said receiver for holding said mandrel in placed position.

4. A hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 3, the last-mentionedmeans comprising an element on said mandrel complementary with the innerside of the upper end of the receiver and frictionally engageabletherewith.

5. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving elementhaving an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereofextending from aid upper end, heater means on said receiving element,handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head ofthe user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through saidopen upper end, said mandrel including a pair of jaws connected at oneend, said jaws being spaced from one another at the lower end of saidmandrel, and surface means on the inner wall of said receiver forengaging said jaws to force the jaws toward one another when saidmandrel is inserted into said receiver.

6. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, said surface meanscomprising a flange extending inwardly from the inner wall of thereceiver. a I

'7. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, the free ends ofsaid jaws being tapered.

8. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, said surface meanscomprising an annular flange extending inwardly from the inner wall ofthe receiver and having an inverted frusto-conical upper surface, thefree ends of saidtjaws being tapered. I

9. A hair waving apparatus, comprisingatub u lar receiving elementhaving an open. upper end and a slot through the-side wall extendingfrom said upper end for receiving a mandrel with hair wound thereon, ahandle, means mounting said handle on the lower end of said receiver,and an electric-resistance element on the lower end of said receivingelement.

10. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element forsurrounding a curl of hair and having open upper and lower ends and aslot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end forallowing a strand of hair to extend from the curl to the exterior of theelement, handle means on said receiving element for supporting the sameadjacent the head of the user, an electric-resistance element, and meansmounting said electri'cresistance element at the lower end of saidreceiving element whereby the heat from said resistance element may passdirectly to the interior of said receiving element to heat the curltherein.

11. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 10, said receivingelement and the means mounting said resistance element at the lower endthereof being formed of metal having relatively good heat-conductingproperties whereby to transmit heat to the outer side of a curl in saidreceiving element.

12. A hair waving apparatus comprising a tubular receiving element forsurrounding a curl of hair and having open upper and lower ends and aslot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end forallowing a strand of hair to extend from the curl to the exterior of theelement, an electric-resistance element mounted at the lower end of saidreceiving element, and a handle secured to the lower end of saidreceiving element, said handle and said receiving element forming anelongated, rod-like structure, said receiving element being formed ofmetal having relatively good heatconducting properties, said handlebeing formed of heat-insulating material.

13. In a hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 12, a sleeve formedof heat-insulating material surrounding said receiving element forshielding the user from heat radiating from said receiving element andfor conserving heat in said receiving element.

14. In a hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 12, an elongatedmandrel engageable into said receiving element through the upper openend thereof, the upper end of said mandrel having an elongated handle ofheat insulating material, said mandrel being formed of metal havingrelatively good heat conducting properties, said receiving elementincluding a flange extending inwardly from the inner wall thereof toengage the lower end of said mandrel whereby to transmit heat thereto.

15 In a hair curling apparatus, an elongated receiving element comprisedof a rigid piece of metal having an open upper end and a slot throughthe side wall thereof extending for part of the length of said receivingelement from said upper end, an inwardly directed, annular flange on theinner wall of said piece, below the lower end of said slot, said flangehaving an upper surface inclined downwardly irom the inner wall of thepiece to a central opening, the lower end of said piece having internalthreads thereon, a hollow coupling piece having a central portion theouter wall of which is similar in end view to the outer wall of saidreceiving element, and upper and lower exteriorly threaded tubularelements extending above and below, respectively sa d central portion,the upper threaded element being threadedly engaged with the threads inthe lower end of said piece, an interiorly threaded thimble threadedlyengaging the threads on the lower tubular element of said coupllngpiece, an electric-resistance element surrounding said rthimble, ahollow cylindrical handle having an exteriorly threaded upper endthreadedly engaged in said thimble, and an electric cord connected, atone end, to said electricresistance element and extending through saidhollow handle for connection with an electric outlet.

16. In combination with hair curling apparatus asclaimed in claim 16, amandrel assembly comprising a handlehaving an outwardly directed flangeadjacent the lower end thereof and a hollow cylindrical elementextending below said flange, said hollow "cylindrical element having abayonet slot therein, an elongated, rodlike element forming the mandrelproper and having an elongated slot extending upwardly from the lowerend thereof to form elongated spaced Jaws, the top end of said rod-likeelement being substantially complementary with the intenor of saidhollow cylindrical element at the lower end of said handle and having apin thereon engaging in said bayonet slot, the outer wall of thecylindrical element at the lower end of said handle being complementarywith the inner wall of the upper end of said piece, the flangeon saidhandle engaging the upper end of said piece, the length of said mandrelassembly from said flange to the free ends of said jaws beingsubstantially equal to the distance from the upper end of said piece tothe lower end of the inclined upper surface of the inwardly directedflange in said piece.

JOHN CIRlLLO.

